The syndrome caused the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak. BioRxiv 2021. doi: National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan. The apparent rapid growth in England of a new variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 has led to dire warnings by those advising the UK government. Current disease control measures recommended by WHO continue to be effective and should be adapted in response to increasing disease incidence, whether associated with a new variant or not. Retrieved from, *Faria NR, Claro IM, Candido D, et al. In one, the reinfection was caused by P.1. National scientific teams are studying the effect of the mutations on reinfection potential, vaccination, diagnostic testing, infection-severity and transmissibility. In early 2020, researchers in Singapore identified a cluster of COVID-19 cases caused by a SARS-CoV-2 variant missing a chunk of RNA that spanned two genes, ORF7b and ORF8. Researchers and government authorities are working with WHO and collaborating with members of the WHO SARS-CoV-2 virus evolution working group to assess epidemiologic, modelling, phylogenetic and laboratory findings as results become available. SARS-CoV-2 reinfection by the new Variant of Concern (VOC) P.1 in Amazonas, Brazil. Sequence data should be shared internationally through publicly accessible databases. Due preliminary studies conducted in Denmark, there is concern that this variant has may result in reduced virus neutralization in humans, which could potentially decrease the extend and duration of immune protection following natural infection or vaccination. The SARS-CoV-2 virus with the D614G substitution does not cause more severe illness or alter the effectiveness of existing laboratory diagnostics, therapeutics, vaccines, or public health preventive measures. Given that reinfections are known to occur with SARS-CoV-2, albeit rarely , such anecdotal observations don ’ t tell researchers if it ’ s more likely to happen with the new variants. The study, published on the medRxiv* server, showed that the estimated proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections caused by the B.1.1.7 variant at the … Viruses are continually evolving, and there is no exception for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, WHO has received several reports of unusual public health events possibly due to variants of SARS-CoV-2. The variants can have multiple mutations, including some in their spike S glycoproteins, which are key targets of virus neutralizing antibody elicited by vaccines. A range of SARS-CoV-2 variants has emerged across the world since the COVID-19 pandemic began. Countries should also ensure that measures affecting international traffic are risk-based, evidence-based, coherent, proportionate and time limited. Its symptoms start with a common cold and than it leads to the pneumonia. For more information on COVID-19, please see: 1 Public Health England. As expected, multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been documented in the United States and globally throughout this pandemic. MRNA-1273 vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies against spike mutants from global SARS-CoV-2 variants. In the week beginning 16 November, routine sequencing by South African health authorities found that this new SARS-CoV-2 variant has largely replaced other SARS-CoV-2 viruses circulating in the Eastern Cape, Western Cape, and KwaZulu-Natal provinces. In light of recent news stories regarding the preliminary data on minimal effectiveness of the AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine at preventing mild to moderate COVID-19 disease caused by the viral variant B.1.351, it is important to note that primary analysis of data from Phase III trials has so far shown – in the context of viral settings without this variant – that the AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine offers protection … SARS-CoV-2 variants are circulating widely in at least 37 countries, including the United States. The interim guidance also provides countries with a risk-based approach to decision-making, calibrating travel-related risk mitigation measures in the context of international travel, aiming at reducing travel-associated exportation, importation and onward transmission of SARS-CoV-2 while avoiding unnecessary interference with international traffic. Preliminary epidemiologic, modelling, phylogenetic and clinical findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01 has increased transmissibility. Use appropriate personal protective equipment when caring for people suffering from an acute respiratory illness; Practice frequent hand-washing, especially after direct contact with ill people or their environment, Practice cough etiquette (maintain distance, cover coughs and sneezes with disposable tissues or clothing, and wash hands), Enhance standard infection prevention and control practices in hospitals, especially in emergency departments, Wear masks where appropriate, ensure good ventilation where possible and avoid crowded places, Confirmed, probable and suspected cases, and contacts of confirmed or probable cases should not travel, Persons with any sign or symptom compatible with COVID-19 should not travel, unless COVID-19 diagnostic testing has been conducted and SARS-CoV-2 infection has been ruled out as the cause for illness, Persons who are unwell should be advised to postpone travel, Persons at risk of developing severe disease from COVID-19, including people 60 years of age or older or those with comorbidities that present increased risk of severe COVID-19 (e.g. A variant of SARS-CoV-2 with a D614G substitution in the gene encoding the spike protein emerged in late January or early February 2020. This article discusses notable variants of SARS-CoV-2 and missense mutations found in these variants. Around the world, cases of infection with new variants of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 have been rising. SARS stands for Severe acute respiratory syndrome. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. The emerging variants CDC is closely monitoring have mutations in the virus genome that alter the characteristics and cause the virus to act differently in ways that are significant to public health (e.g., causes more severe disease, spreads more easily between humans, requires different treatments, changes the effectiveness of current vaccines). It’s important to understand that genetic mutations are expected, and some variants … The variants can have multiple mutations, including some in their spike S glycoproteins, which are key targets of virus neutralizing antibody elicited by vaccines. However, preliminary analyses also indicate that there is no change in disease severity (as measured by length of hospitalization and 28-day case fatality), or occurrence of reinfection between variant cases compared to other SARS-CoV-2 viruses circulating in the United Kingdom.1 Another of the mutations in the VOC 202012/01 variant, the deletion at position 69/70del was found to affect the performance of some diagnostic PCR assays with an S gene target. The study, published on the medRxiv* server, showed that the estimated proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections caused by the B.1.1.7 variant at the … As one of the mutations (N501Y) – found in both the SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01 and 501Y.V2 variants – is in the receptor binding domain, the authorities are investigating the neutralization activity of sera from recovered and vaccinated patients against these variants to determine if there is any impact on vaccine performance. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B1.1.7 (VOC 202012/01) variant that emerged in late 2020 in the United Kingdom has many changes in the spike protein gene. Moreover, at this stage, there is no clear evidence of the new variant being associated with more severe disease or worse outcomes. On 14 December 2020, authorities of the United Kingdom reported to WHO a variant referred to by the United Kingdom as SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01 (Variant of Concern, year 2020, month 12, variant 01). WHO recommends that all countries take a risk-based approach for adjusting measures in the context of international travel, which includes assessing local transmission, health services capacity, what is known about the level of transmissibility of specific variants; social and economic impact of restrictions; and adherence to public health and social measures. MedRxiv 2020. doi: *Wu K, Werner AP, Moliva JI, et al. Experts believe that the variants’ specific patterns of mutations … Scientists in Oregon have spotted a homegrown version of a fast-spreading variant of the coronavirus that first surfaced in Britain — but now it's combined with a mutation that may make the variant less susceptible to vaccines. virulence, transmission) and effectiveness of available and future countermeasures (e.g. SARS is caused by a member of the coronavirus family. Further research is needed to better understand whether these mink variants will cause sustained transmission among humans and could have a negative impact on countermeasures, such as vaccines. Most PCR assays in use worldwide will use multiple targets and therefore the impact of the variant on diagnostics is not anticipated to be significant. Investigation of novel SARS-CoV-2 variant, Variant of Concern 202012/01 Technical briefing 2- 28 December 2020. More intensive public health measures may be required to control transmission of these variants. The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still spreading across the … SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has had a major impact on human health globally; infecting a large number of people; causing severe disease and associated long-term health sequelae; resulting in death and excess mortality, especially among older and vulnerable populations; interrupting routine healthcare services; disruptions to travel, trade, education and many other societal functions; and more broadly having a negative impact on peoples physical and mental health. Variants are more likely to occur if a virus transmits unabated in a population. Investigation of novel SARS-CoV-2 variant: Variant of Concern 202012/01.202012/01. Particular variants of concern, ... and would not produce a “failed” test if the infection is caused by a variant with mutations in the spike gene. Here we report on a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant, 20A.EU1, that emerged in Spain in early summer, and subsequently spread to multiple locations in Europe, accounting for the majority of sequences by autumn. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.1.7 variant, also known as the UK variant, is spreading globally. Genomic data of the SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01 and 501Y.V2 variants has been shared by the national authorities and uploaded to the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) and genomic surveillance of the virus continues, globally. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), also called infectious atypical pneumonia, is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel variant of coronavirus (SARS-associated coronavirus, SARS-CoV). Studies in human respiratory cells and in animal models demonstrated that compared to the initial virus strain, the strain with the D614G substitution has increased infectivity and transmission. In countries with sequencing capacity, WHO advises sequencing of isolates from a systematically selected subset of SARS-CoV-2 infections – the amount will depend on local capacities. Genetic sequencing should also be considered as part of investigations of unusual transmission events (e.g. While initial assessment suggests that 202012/01 and 501Y.V2 do not cause changes in clinical presentation or severity, if they result in a higher case incidence, this would lead to an increase in COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths. The emerging variants CDC is closely monitoring have mutations in the virus genome that alter the characteristics and cause the virus to act differently in ways that are significant to public health (e.g., causes more severe disease, spreads more easily between humans, requires different treatments, changes the effectiveness of current vaccines). Over a period of several months, the D614G mutation replaced the initial SARS-CoV-2 strain identified in China and by June 2020 became the dominant form of the virus circulating globally. Preliminary epidemiologic, modelling, phylogenetic and clinical findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01 has increased transmissibility. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1), the first identified strain of the SARS coronavirus species severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV). Viral variants are not unexpected, as all viruses evolve and mutate over time. Many variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported worldwide throughout this pandemic. Host human genetic variability could influence susceptibility and response to infection. These studies are ongoing. Technical briefing 3. Sharing of full genome sequences is facilitating detailed analyses by partners. The variant is found in the spike, or "S" protein of SARS-CoV-2, a protein that enables the virus' entry into a host cell to cause infection. It is mainly characterized by pulmonary infection with a high infectivity and fatality. National authorities are encouraged to publish their risk assessment methodology and the list of departure countries or areas to which restrictions apply; and these should be updated regularly. Cell 2021; 184(64-75). The other incident of reinfection was caused by P.2, a closely watched emergent sister variant that carries fewer changes overall but harbors the N501Y and E484K mutations. How and where SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01 originated is unclear. Ireland reports B.1.1.7 to be the dominant circulating SARS-CoV-2 strain and, based on growth trajectories observed, several other countries are expecting a similar situation in the coming weeks. Moreover, infection prevention and control guidance and measures should reinforced, including: WHO has recently published an interim guidance – "Considerations for implementing a risk-based approach to international travel in the context of COVID-19", recommending the following principles for international travelers in the context of COVID-19 Pandemic: Health authorities should work with travel, transport and tourism sectors to provide travelers, including to and from the countries affected by the new variants, with aforementioned information, via travel health clinics, travel agencies, conveyance operators and at points of entry, as well as communities adjacent to land borders with affected countries. In countries with sequencing capacity, WHO advises sequencing of isolates from a systematically selected subset of SARS-CoV-2 infections – the amount will depend on local capacities. Its symptoms start with a common cold and than it leads to the pneumonia. Saving Lives, Protecting People, What the U.S. Government is Doing (USA.gov), How CDC is responding to SARS-CoV-2 variants globally, Investigation of novel SARS-CoV-2 Variant: Variant of Concern 202012/01, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.21.20248640, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.25.427948, https://www.niid.go.jp/niid/en/2019-ncov-e/10108-covid19-33-en.html, News release: MDH lab testing confirms nation’s first known COVID-19 case associated with Brazil P.1 variant (state.mn.us), Genomic characterisation of an emergent SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus: preliminary findings – SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus / nCoV-2019 Genomic Epidemiology, Retrieved from Spike E484K mutation in the first SARS-CoV-2 reinfection case confirmed in Brazil, 2020 – SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus / nCoV-2019 Genomic Epidemiology – Virological, SARS-CoV-2 reinfection by the new Variant of Concern (VOC) P.1 in Amazonas, Brazil – SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus / nCoV-2019 Genomic Epidemiology – Virological, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.27.357558, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.043, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.032, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.19.389916v1, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.14.422555v4, New Variants of the Virus that Causes COVID-19, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Hospitalization Surveillance Network COVID-NET, Laboratory-Confirmed Hospitalizations by Age, Demographics Characteristics & Medical Conditions, Seroprevalence Surveys in Special Populations, Large-Scale Geographic Seroprevalence Surveys, Sampling Strategy: Where, How, and What to Sample, Federal Coordination and Partnering for Wastewater Surveillance, Targeted Wastewater Surveillance at Facilities, Institutions, and Workplaces, Investigating the Impact of COVID-19 During Pregnancy, Hospitalization and Death by Race/Ethnicity, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Horby P, Huntley C, Davies N et al. SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01 initially appeared in South East England but within a few weeks began to replace other virus lineages in this geographic area and London. D614G is caused by an A-G Retrieved from, Public Health England. However, preliminary analyses also indicate that there is no change in disease severity (as measured by length of hospitalization and 28-day case fatality), or occurrence of reinfection between variant cases compared to other SARS-CoV-2 viruses circulating in the United Kingdom. As of 26 December 2020, SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01 has been identified from routine sampling and genomic testing conducted across the United Kingdom . The SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern (VOC) 202012/01 (a.k.a. How SARS spreads is not completely understood, but experts believe that the main way it spreads is… WHO routinely assesses if variants of SARS-CoV-2 result in changes in transmissibility, clinical presentation and severity, or if they impact on countermeasures, including diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines. bioRxiv [Preprint posted online November 19, 2020], *Kemp SA, Harvey WT, Datir RP, et al. Previous reports of the D614G mutation and the recent reports of virus variants from the Kingdom of Denmark, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Republic of South Africa have raised interest and concern in the impact of viral changes. How and where SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01 originated is unclear. We currently have no evidence that the variant is more likely to cause severe disease or mortality, but we are continuing investigations to understand this better. The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused … It's also the target for some of the >140 vaccine candidates currently in development. *Naveca F, de Costa C, Nascimento V, et al. doi: Yurkovetskiy L, Wang X, Pascal KE, et al. This variant contains 23 nucleotide substitutions and is not phylogenetically related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus circulating in the United Kingdom at the time the variant was detected. There also is epidemiologic evidence that variants with this specific mutation spread more quickly than viruses without the mutation[12]. Prevention advice and communications for the public should be further strengthened, including precautions to protect yourself and others such as physical distancing, wearing a mask, keeping rooms well ventilated, avoiding crowds, cleaning hands, and coughing into a bent elbow or tissue. CDC twenty four seven. SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes COVID-19. NERVTAG note on B.1.1.7 severity. Cell 2020; 183(3): 739-1. doi: *McCarthy KR, Rennick LJ, Namnulli S, et al. There are many kinds of coronavirus, some of which cause the common cold. Epidemiologic investigations are underway to understand the increase in cases in these communities and the potential role of increased transmissibility of these variants as well as the robustness of implementation of control measures. *Resende PC, Bezerra JF, de Vasconcelos RHT, et al. It gives the variants the ability to spread more quickly than the predominant viruses, as described in a non-peer-reviewed preprint article[10,11]. “We do know that this new variant of the virus … On 18 December, national authorities in South Africa announced the detection of a new variant of SARS-CoV-2 that is rapidly spreading in three provinces of South Africa. While SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01 from the UK also has the N501Y mutation, phylogenetic analysis has shown that 501Y.V2 from South Africa are different virus variants. B.1.1.7: In the United Kingdom (UK), a variant of SARS-CoV-2 known as B.1.1.7 emerged. The WHO Regional Office for Africa says that the new variant circulating in the region has been detected in Botswana, The Gambia, and Zambia, but preliminary studies show no evidence that this variant causes more severe disease. Their advice suggested only that the new variant was more transmissible (more infective), not that it was more virulent (causes more serious illness). SARS stands for Severe acute respiratory syndrome. South Africa has named this variant 501Y.V2, because of a N501Y mutation. The variant B.1.351 has also been increasingly reported in Emergence and rapid spread of a new severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineage with multiple spike mutations in South Africa.
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