READ MORE: Ancient Sparta: The History of the SpartansREAD MORE: The Peloponnesian WarREAD MORE: The Battle of Thermopylae, Period: 1600 B.C. The mind of these natives possessed the capability of having a cosmogony, a culture, and a technology as complex as any other culture. Here are some of those civilizations who didn’t make our list: There are three different ways you can cite this article. Around the year 1800 B.C. Its name coming from a blend of the Turkish words meaning “fork” and “mound,” the builders of Çatalhöyük honored the bond between a wandering people and a big river. Let us remember that initially the 12 tribes of Israel were taken by the Assyrian Empire to Nineveh, the Assyrian capital, where these tribes would be dispersed and only the tribe of Judah would survive, and because of this the Hebrews are known as Jews. Plus, the Norte Chico’s architecture was so monumental, precise, and well-planned that later cultures, including the Inca, unashamedly poached a few ideas from them to use in their own societies. And just for extra measure, the Chinese also invented and perfected porcelain-making, a thousand years before European craftsmen figured out their secret. Required fields are marked *. The reason we do not know anything about these civilizations is that when an empire is established in a region, it completely razes everything that was there before, killing the geniuses, burning scripts and buildings, and finally nothing is left. The term comes from the Bible, from Shem, the son of Noah, from whom a series of peoples in the Middle East would rise. This is the reason by which we know about the Hindu culture, on themes like meditation, yoga and Oriental philosophy. This culture is a riddle. On the other hand, the sands of the desert and the trees in the forest cover the traces of ancient peoples. Japan became a great empire in a short time, which expanded to Asia, and the Pacific and Indian oceans, a period in which it subdued India, Korea and the rest of Asia, save Vietnam committing all kinds of atrocities. For example, the country of Kuwait, belonged to what is currently Iraq, but as it was a petroleum zone they made it into a separate country. All this completely destroyed all the old and rich Japanese culture. The Veda culture was able to survive the passing of time and is among the few things which we can still know about ancient civilizations that collapsed. It is important to take into account the civilizations which populated the earth, as these have given shape in great measure to the collective unconscious. Let us take into account that the most ancient hominid (with the capacity to walk upright, endowed with intelligence and manual ability) was found in central Africa, 7 million years old. The civilization also lacked grand monuments and elite buildings or areas, a surprising clue that the community might’ve been more equal than most. Gandhi led his people to independence with civil disobedience, in which they did not confront them, but neither did they obey them. It is said that Abraham, upon meeting monotheism, received a sacred knowledge, called Kabbalah, which is an oral tradition which is transmitted from ear to ear among the Jewish community. The same processes of colonization and independence which we endured in Latin America at the hands of Spain, the rest of the world endured at the hands of the British and French. Conflict typically arises when people clump together in large societies, but where archaeologists fully expected to find signs of warfare in a civilization this big, there wasn’t a single mangled skeleton, any burnt buildings, or evidence that the Indus people raided other nearby cultures. But Cortés returned again in 1521, and he tore Tenochtitlan to the ground, ending the Aztec civilization. He gave the last emperor the boot and settled as king of Italy, ending the Roman civilization in 476 A.D. Period: 550 B.C. For example the book: “The Thousand and One Nights,” is a compilation of Persian stories, which would be translated into Arabic by the Muslims. Its empire came to an end when in the Second World War, the United States invented the atomic bomb and dropped it on Japan, producing their unconditional surrender. Water is life – and life on earth is linked to water. Archaeological excavations have confirmed to us the existence of cities like Troy, which appeared in Homer’s books, and which was an object of numerous legends. Instead, they enjoyed plenty of food, big spacious cities, modern-looking streets with drains, and sewage systems that kept the cities clean. As Ancient Egypt was incorporated into Hellenistic Greek, and subsequently Roman civilizations), or by collapsing and reverting to a simpler form of living, as happens in so-called Dark Ages. And contrary to what today’s modern hands might do, this society also cast gold into graves; one of the civilizations largest and oldest gold caches, around 3,000 pieces, was found in one of its cemeteries. Interesting but rather incomplete! It is a massive stone complex tucked quietly way in the dense jungles of Angkor.The layout of the Angkor temples and the iconographic … The Eastern Roman Empire would assume Orthodox Christianity and the Western Roman Empire would assume Catholic Christianity. Their archaic period didn’t end with blood and fire; instead, around the year 480 B.C., the era evolved into the spectacular Classical Age — a time that rocked architectural and philosophical thinking until 323 B.C. What is known of ancient Benin, we do from a Dutch traveler in the 16th Century who described the city. Incredibly, they created around 20 settlements, which were among the largest cities of their day. The Sunnis, who follow some additional verses of the Koran and appointed administrators called Caliphs, are differentiated from the Shiites, because these last follow the son-in-law of Muhammad and his successors, and do not recognize the additional verses. Later we would see that Saddam Hussein would try to recover this territory in the famous Persian Gulf War. The Mayas were a prosperous civilization in Central America from approximately 1000 B.C until 900 A.D when their decline began, due to internal wars and ecological changes. And when visitors check their calendar to book a visit or jot down their traveling details using the western alphabet, they’re also utilizing two of the greatest things that Roman civilization left behind as a lasting legacy. It sincerely makes on want to cry when one sees how they burn this library. The birth of the Aztecs remains a mystery. The snaking lines were so decently built that several pathways survive today, still in excellent condition. Later when Alexander died, this Persian region would be governed by one of his generals named Seleucus, who would found the Seleucid dynasty, which would establish Greek thought. The Danubian’s striped pottery prompted a witty German to refer to the culture as “Linearbandkeramik,” (very creatively meaning “Linear Pottery Culture”) and the title, abbreviated to “LBK,” stuck. Imperial in-fighting led to wars that axed the Shang Dynasty in the year 1046 B.C., leading to the close of the era during which China’s ancient culture rose to sparkling heights. Mithra, an Aryan deity, also formed a part of the Hindu mythology. It is because of this that when Cortes reached the coasts of Mexico, the Maya civilization had disappeared several centuries before. The culture perished under the pressure to convert to Christianity and from the rampant spread of European diseases, but the Maya themselves never went completely extinct, as millions of their descendants exist across the world today and continue to speak several Mayan languages.